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Latin America The pacification efforts in Spanish America failed because of several changes which were a result of the fighting in the area. First of all, patriots and loyalists kept on struggling among themselves, especially in Venezuela. As this failure seemed imminent, many armies were created, and this led to the inclusion of poor people in the troops. Consequently, the poor were able to accumulate wealth over time. Moreover, they also raised a fighting spirit in order to advance in their military ranks despite any stifling as seen by essaypro.com review. The first revolutionary cycle had a huge economic impact that resulted in undermining the ascendancy of groups that were formerly dominant in the society. For instance, goods from Britain flooded Spanish America, and this reduced the cost of importing these goods. Consequently, the merchants were no longer able to monopolize the business. The years of fighting had varying effects at different places. The results were mostly felt in Venezuela and least felt in Chile as well as Rio de la Plata. Actually, in a place such as Granada, which suffered the minimal influence, the different regions were left with their supremacy intact. The Spaniards made several efforts to stop the revolution, but this only resulted in the gaining of more enemies. They saw this suppression in the form of the reduced material support to the royalists. In addition, Spaniards and Creoles started getting into rivalries within different royalist ranks. However, these tactics of the Spaniards only led to the reinforcement of the revolutionary cause. The royalists had a lot of mistrust in the government of Spain and, therefore, it was hard to work together towards gaining independence. In effect, this was an advantage to the Spanish American revolutionaries. Despite the efforts aimed at reconciling the royalists, France inflicted more damage turning Britain against Spain. During the second stage of attempting to get independence for South America, the leaders were very instrumental in achieving success. Firstly, Simon Bolivar organized the union of military campaigns to fight against the royalists in Peru. Secondly, Jose de San Martin pulled the available resources in the south to help in this cause. Actually, San Martin had the advantage of having military experience and knowledge gained while he working in the Napoleon Army. These skills helped him train militants and lead them towards the various victories. The latter include a skirmish with royalists at the Parana banks and the Cuyo revolutionary government. To achieve his victories, San Martin also allied himself with Beranado O’Higgins who was a Chilean insurgent. Moreover, San Martin knew that he had the support of Buenos Aires’ government. San Martin had an army of three thousand men by the year 1817, and, together with O’Higgins, they were able to intrude into Chile. Furthermore, they continued their invasions until the resistance was almost completely reduced. After gaining victory in Chile, San Martin started strategizing on how he would attack Peru. His first step was to ensure that he had a sizeable army. Therefore, he had been waiting for some years until 1820 when his army consisted of about four thousand men. However, he knew his opponents had a huge army. Therefore, his main intention was to disrupt the country’s economy, which would make the aristocrats reestablish the social order. This plan worked as expected. However, shortly afterwards some forces that were friendly to Spain held port Callao, and there was fighting in the north of Peru. Since San Martin was not able to reinforce his army, he feared he would not quell the violence in the country by himself. His only hope was to get help from Simon Bolivar, from the north of Peru. Even though Bolivar gained success, it was mostly because of his determination rather than support from others. He was born in a family that was prominent in the field of the cacao growing. He received quality education and, unlike other students, he had practical knowledge of the war situation. Bolivar witnessed it as he was travelling through countries such as Spain, Italy as well as France. Bolivar insisted on having an authoritarian Spanish America. The leaders who did not like the southern revolution supported his idea. Consequently, Bolivar ruled in the authoritarian manner with the support of the rural population. The advantage of this part of the society was that it participated only in the military matters but not the political ones. With the support of the Guerrilla chiefs such as generals in Bolivar’s army, the latter was able to expand his leadership to the west and the south. Bolivar used intimidation at some points to get what he wanted. For instance, when he wanted to break up the ties with Caracas, he threatened to free all the slaves. However, he was able to keep regional chiefs in Venezuela united until the year 1817. With the power that Bolivar had among the regional chiefs, he strategized on how he would broaden his influence to the coastal region. In order to implement his strategy, he first allied himself with the Orinoco plains’ chief, Jose Antonio Paez. Moreover, volunteers strengthened the army of Paez. With the resources from the Orinoco plains, Bolivar was able to liberate more states getting the royalists by surprise since he attacked from behind. Whenever he liberated a state, Bolivar would appoint a vice president to take care of the administrative tasks in the region. However, he remained the president of all the states.