Understanding The Causes, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment And Prevention Of Eclampsia in Dogs

Eclampsia in dogs is a fatal condition characterized by a decrease in calcium levels in the blood. In certain cases, this disease develops in breastfeeding dogs within weeks after birth. Most often, eclampsia develops one to five weeks after birth, when the mother absorbs the most milk. While rare, it may also occur in pregnant dogs or during pregnancy.

Eclampsia: What Are The Causes?

The cause of eclampsia is not often identified, but it could be due to: • excessive loss of calcium from mother to developing fetal skeletons • supplementation of calcium during pregnancy • the production of milk after birth • not receiving a healthy premium growth and development diet while pregnant and breastfeeding, or hormonal issues with the parathyroid gland. Females who are particularly attentive to their puppies, appear to be more likely to get eclampsia. Breeds such as Chihuahuas, Pomeranians, Toy Poodles, Miniature Pincher, Shih Tzu and other small breeds are at higher risk.

Eclampsia: What Are The Signs?

Signs in a female dog are a direct consequence of hypocalcaemia and may occur during pregnancy or in the postpartum period during lactation. Panting and restlessness are early signs that need to be looked for. Some female dogs have mild tremors, twitching and muscle spasms, with apparent stiffness in their gestures. Whining, excessive salivation, pacing and dizziness are also generally reported. Hypocalcaemia can slow down the progression of labour during pregnancy. Low calcium levels in a dog cause weakness, dystocia and ineffective delivery of puppies.

Eclampsia: Are There Any Diagnostic Tests Available?

The diagnosis of eclampsia is suspected on the basis of a history or physical evidence that the dog is lactating and the occurrence of normal clinical symptoms. Other evidence might include the presence of a large litter and the size of the dog. To measure calcium levels, a blood test may be prescribed. Low calcium levels or a positive response to calcium intake confirms the diagnosis.

Eclampsia: What Is The Treatment?

Treatment includes rapid intravenous doses with calcium and other medicines. Intravenous calcium should be handled very carefully and steadily. Some dogs will need anti-seizure medications to control seizures and tetanus. Oral calcium supplements and weaning of puppies as soon as possible are normally needed for follow-up treatment. Usually, recovery from eclampsia is swift and complete if diagnosed and treated appropriately.

Eclampsia: How Can I Prevent It?

The best way to prevent eclampsia is to avoid calcium supplements during pregnancy and to feed the pregnant dog a well-balanced, high-quality food. Calcium supplementation of the dog may be beneficial until the puppies are born and are starting to nurse. Supplemental feeding of puppies may also be helpful, especially for large pups.